Tajweed rules

A noon sakinah or tanween followed by one of the six throat letters is pronounced clearly, with no nasal sound held.

A noon sakinah or tanween followed by ي, ن, م or و merges into that letter and is held with a nasal sound for two counts.

A noon sakinah or tanween followed by ل or ر merges completely into that letter with no nasal sound at all.

A noon sakinah or tanween followed by ب is converted into a hidden meem, held with a nasal sound for two counts.

A noon sakinah or tanween followed by any of the remaining fifteen letters is hidden — neither fully pronounced nor fully merged — with a two-count nasal sound.

A meem sakinah followed by ب is hidden at the lips with a two-count nasal sound.

A meem sakinah followed by another meem merges into it, producing one doubled meem held with ghunnah.

A meem sakinah followed by any letter other than ب or م is pronounced clearly, with no nasal sound held.

The basic lengthening of ا, و or ي for two counts, with no hamzah or sukun following.

A madd letter followed by a hamzah in the same word, lengthened four to five counts and obligatory.

A madd letter at the end of a word followed by a hamzah at the start of the next, lengthened two to five counts depending on the recitation style.

A madd letter followed by a letter that is only silent because you stopped there, lengthened two, four or six counts.

A madd letter followed by a permanent sukun, lengthened six counts without exception.

A hamzah followed by a madd letter, lengthened two counts.

Stopping on a word ending in tanween fath, the tanween is replaced by an alif lengthened two counts.

A waw or ya with sukun preceded by a fathah, lengthened two, four or six counts when stopping.

A light echoing bounce on ق, ط, ب, ج or د when the letter carries sukun in the middle of a word.

A stronger echoing bounce on the same five letters when they fall at the end of a word you stop on.

The lam of "al-" is silent before fourteen sun letters, and the following letter is doubled.

The lam of "al-" is pronounced clearly before the fourteen moon letters.

The lam in the name "Allah" is heavy after a fathah or dammah and light after a kasrah.

The ra is pronounced heavy when it carries a fathah or dammah, or a sukun preceded by one of them.

The ra is pronounced light when it carries a kasrah, or a sukun preceded by a kasrah.

A noon or meem carrying a shaddah is held with a nasal sound for two counts, wherever it occurs.

A compulsory stop, marked مـ, where continuing would change the meaning.

A permissible stop, marked ج, where stopping and continuing are equally acceptable.

A prohibited stop, marked لا, where pausing would break the sense.

A pair of three-dot marks where you may stop at one place or the other, but never at both.

The empty space of the mouth and throat, from which the three madd letters emerge.

The throat, divided into three points producing six letters.

The tongue, the most productive articulation area, with ten points producing eighteen letters.

The lips, producing four letters.

The nasal passage, the source of every ghunnah.

The flow of breath continues while pronouncing ten specific letters.

The breath is held back while the vocal cords vibrate, in all letters other than the ten of hams.

The sound stops completely at the point of articulation for eight letters.

The back of the tongue rises toward the palate for seven letters, making them heavy.

A sharp whistling sound accompanying three letters.

The sound spreads across the mouth when pronouncing sheen.

The sound of dad extends along the side of the tongue.

An echoing disturbance released on five letters when they carry sukun.

Waw and ya with sukun preceded by a fathah are produced with ease and no constriction.

A nasal resonance inherent to noon and meem in every state.